It is a unitary state under the rule of a parliamentary republic, with a population of about 50 million. The Head of State is the "Führer" who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Military, who also consecrates the role of Head of Government.It seems the country was composed of several former nations, quite diverse in culture and religion, but incorporated by the expanding state of Amestris. The administrative regions of the country seem to reflect those differences. The country has five administrative divisions: South Area, West Area, North Area, East Area and Central Area.

Ishval is a region of Southeastern Amestris on the border of the Eastern Desert. Presumably, once its own nation, owing to the vastly different cultural practices of Ishval's people and the general populace of greater Amestris as a whole, Ishval was likely absorbed as a part of the country's expansionist policies. Existing in Amestris' relatively barren frontier and just shy of the Great Desert separating the western and eastern nations of the continent, Ishval has been described as a rather harsh land made of little more than rocks and sand; it has no significant natural resources and very little farmable land, which likely accounts for the strict codes of conduct and sense of resilience adopted by its inhabitants.

Xing is a country in the world located east of the main country of Amestris, across the Eastern Desert. Xing is a monarchy, whose monarch holds the title of Emperor. It's composed by fifty hereditary clans all under the rule of a single Emperor, who cements his rule by taking the daughter of each clan's chief to be his concubine and bear him a single heir for each clan.While this method works to ensure fealty to the Emperor by binding each clan to him by blood through their ruling families, it creates a great deal of contention between the clans as all the heirs compete to inherit the throne

Aerugo is a country located south of Amestris. Aerugo is a Principality governed by Prince. As a Principality, Aerugo is a much smaller country compared to Amestris but is able to retain control over the Aerugo border war. The country is also known as more of a trading country in general and does spend little if none of its time on warfare. Aerugo has spent a large amount of money, troops, and machines on fighting Amestris and had greatly damaged South Amestris but could not defeat Amestris because of its powerful military might, making it one of the first real threats to Aerugo's massive economy.

Creta is a country in the world located west of the main country of Amestris.Creta is a Federal-State composed of several nations reunited under a Union. The Central Government has kept a close watch on the States' affairs, allowing a level of autonomy to each local leaders and keeping them as representatives of the former tribes in the Central Government. This decentralization of power has been a trademark of Creta and has brought many conflicts and problems over the years. The tribes that compose Creta are culturally diverse and are known to be extremely unfriendly to each other.

Drachma is a country in the World located north of the main country of Amestris. There have been many conflicts between Amestris and Drachma in the past, however, for the majority of the manga's timeline, the two nations stand on a shaky Pact of Non-Aggression.A very belligerent state, Drachma is known for its constant on and off struggle against Amestris. Sometime in the early 1900s, both countries have signed a Pact of Non-Aggression, which endured until the end of 1914 in a somewhat shaky state and with constant threats of being broken.